Symbol as an Integral Part of a Humans Life

In spite of the way that a man is an animal that has certain freedom, individuals have consistently wanted to mingle. The writer of the article â€Å"Symbols. The fundamental Element of Culture† Leslie A. White has made a significant commitment to brain research as a science, deciphering the nature and the importance of an image in people’s lives. In any case, the article brings up specific issues that despite everything need consideration.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Symbol as an Integral Part of a Human’s Life explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Leslie’s technique to examine the issue could be portrayed as both the exploratory one and the one including certain hypothetical work. Leslie both assembled the current realities about the job of signs in people’s culture and gave the models dependent on her own understanding as a researcher. As per the article by Leslie A. White, images show that â€Å"it wa s the image which changed our humanoid precursors into men and made them human.† These are just individuals that have some to utilizing images to communicate their thoughts. Nonetheless, the image is something beyond what a negligible sign that can be deciphered uniquely in one manner. There is a sure differentiation between them. As per Macionis and Clark (69), An image is whatever conveys a specific importance perceived by the individuals from the way of life. A whistle, a mass of spray painting, a blazing red light and a clench hand brought up noticeable all around all fill in as images. Consequently, he guarantees that image is something that can be surely known by a specific gathering of individuals, while the individuals not having a place with this social gathering would either take these images for something different or think of them as aimless. That is what has any kind of effect between an image and a sign which is consistently the equivalent for the delegates of an y culture.Advertising Looking for paper on reasoning? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The proof that Leslie drives concerns her own understanding and the models that the brain science as of now has driven clarifying the idea of image. These are the instances of individuals denied of the capacity to utilize images during the way toward mingling and what it has driven them to. One of the trademark highlights of an image given in Symbol. The Basic Element of Culture is that it is gained as the â€Å"thing† the importance of which is offered by the individuals who use it. It isn't something settled, and nor is it expected to have indeed the very same effect on all individuals. L. White likewise stresses the way that image is preferably an idea over something that is to betaken as an item. It very well may be an item, a shading, a sound or even a scent or a taste. Disregarding the way that creator takes the images prefera bly as a thought over as an article, a few analysts take it considerably further, growing the importance of an image to the entire culture. Culture is representative. The essentialness of culture lies in the significance individuals provide for images or things or conduct. The importance isn't natural in the image however is offered by the social centrality. (Andersen 56) Andersen drives a case of the American banner, which is essentially a bit of material with the example on it, however for the individuals this is the image of majority rules system and opportunity. So an image is something that individuals must be educated. This isn't the intuitional information that can accompany the experience, yet a specific idea that must be educated. As Lesley accentuates, it is just a person who can comprehend and decipher an image. A man and just a man can be instructed to get images and their implications. Lesley drives a case of a kid who has been denied of both the capacity to hear and se e and the capacity to have emblematic contacts with individuals. As the young lady was inspected by specialists, they found no human attributes in her conduct by any stretch of the imagination. That implies, that these are the representative contacts mind the others that make the premise of a human.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Symbol as an Integral Part of a Human’s Life explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This tragic certainty can be clarified by the hypothesis of an image. As Kendal has seen, Culture couldn't exist without images on the grounds that there would be no shred implications among individuals. Images can at the same time produce dedication and ill will, and love and abhor. They help us to impart thoughts, for example, love or energy since they express unique ideas with obvious articles. (50) The manner in which images can change as they go through the way of life is a subject for another exploration. For instance, insignia that used to be the image of sun in the old occasions and bore the significance of good karma, thriving and riches, was further on changed into the image of despotism, which has changed people’s mentality to the sign for the last time. Macionis and Benokraitis (31) communicated a similar thought. The image is something that is solidly associated with the way of life, and the decent varieties that are introduced in the various societies can prompt the distinctive comprehension of signs. These are just individuals who can be instructed to comprehend and utilize images. To summarize, the way of life of a human presumes the utilization of images as the ideas that may underlie a specific thing, or an individual or a procedure, or an activity. It isn't simply the thought, yet its underlying foundations, the best approach to communicate a thought. What Lesley is attempting to pass on in her article is that the advanced culture is a lot of images that have been formed into an arrang ed framework. They are utilized in the day by day discussion, just as in the circle of expressions. Images can be found in the expert circles, and the utilization of them presumes that this layer of society has just formed it into a particular culture of theirs. Images are continually tailing us all through our whole life. Our errand is to interpret them and to get the data they convey. They are utilized as compartments for data, and the manner in which they will create will stamp the advancement of the humankind itself.Advertising Searching for article on reasoning? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Works Cited Andersen, Margaret L., Howard F. Taylor. Human science with Infotrack: Understanding a Diverse Society, Casebound. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. 2007. Print. Kendal, Diana. Humanism in Our Times: The Essentials. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. 2008. Print. Macionis, John J. Nijole V. Benokraitis. Seeing Ourselves: Classic, Contemporary and Cross-Cultural Readings in Sociology. eighth Ed. New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall. 2009. Print. Macionis, John J., Juanne Clark, Linda M. Gerber. Humanism. Toronto: Pearson Education Canada. 1994. Print. This article on Symbol as an Integral Part of a Human’s Life was composed and put together by client AncientOne to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it likewise. You can give your paper here.

Poems By Ann Bradstreet And Edward Taylor

Sonnets By Ann Bradstreet And Edward Taylor Ann Dudley Bradley was an American author who was conceived in the year 1612 and lived for a long time and passed on in 1672. Among her numerous works that she composed incorporated the sonnet titled The Prologue. She is best recognized as the primary American writer to be distributed during colonization of America. Edward Taylor was conceived in Sketchley, Leicestershire, England in 1642 and he lived for a long time till in 1729. He too was an American artist during the colonization of America. A Pastor and a Physician, one of his sonnets distributed was titled Prologue. The introduction by Ann has eight verses and every refrain has six lines, the verses of the sonnet have been orchestrated in a basic and clear way; while in correlation with the preface by Edward, written in 1939 from Preparatory Meditation has five refrains and six lines. The first and the third line of each verse have been indented left. Ann Bradley in her sonnet in the principal verse appears to loathe the propen sity to applaud and love war, chiefs and the lords and their urban areas and riches that are as a resultant of war. She appears not to have the option to constrain herself into taking her pen and paper and recognition them. (For my mean pen are too unrivaled things). To her, it is the obligation of artists and antiquarians to sort the realities out. In her sonnet there is a slight line between the realities of history and the deceptions of the lords and skippers in addition to their riches: and there worth won't be considered by her composition. The view of Ann and the feelings of her heart appear to look down about the colonizers great lifestyle (extraordinary bartas sugared lines) and she feels disheartened about the condition of her kindred Americans in bounty. In the Prologue by Edward Taylor, the writer appears to ask God a talk inquiry, that its exceptionally evident like a reasonable sky that the residue that is on the earth (men) can not exceed the totality of the great moun tains (predominance of God) on the earth caused its not their structure nor show that can befit the loftiness of the heavenly nature. To him he is self-concurring that being given a dampness (pen that is fit to be composed with) will control him in giving a superb applause to the ruler. In the subsequent verse, he lauds a pen that has been expectedly made for composing utilizing an excessively refined ink that can even compose on the most improbable surface (in gem leaves) where it can compose brutally till the author stops. The two journalists appear to commend the craft of sending in drawing out their observation and in praising superb and in looking for self-esteem. (second verse for Edward and the fifth and the 6th line of the main refrain for Ann.) In the fourth to the 6th verses, Ann Bradley expresses that they don't anticipate, any expressive language (talk) from the school young men nor music (sweet associate) from old melodic types of gear (broken strings) nor a wonder that move to their tune thus her contemplations additionally sings out however this is futile as whatever the current issue, it isn't reversible as cause nature made it so. These has made her to detest the Greek who through workmanship found that there wants can be mostly satisfied by craftsmanship to a limited degree , however by the day's end a harmed mind doesn't acknowledge treatment.( the fifth refrain). The artist is horrendous to each pestering tongue that preferences her hand that composes and hates at her work as a result of the prevalence of her works and in light of the fact that she is female. This achieves the topic of sex predisposition and disparity through her works (Who says my hand a needle better fits.)and its her obligation to refute them through her works ( an artists pen all hatred) despite the fact that refuting them through her works will lead them to expressing that her works and knowledge are not unique but rather its copied( last two sentence of the 6th verse) Edward Taylor, in the third to the fifth and the last refrain alludes himself to be the crump of residue that is so low in the general public and its just through his pen that he can carry himself to the degree of the applause and high life like the mountains and these he is to do through applauding of the Lord through composed sonnets written in the most refined if inks (Â And Write in Liquid Gold upon Thy Name; My Letters till Thy greatness forward doth fire.) He proceeds by expressing that nobody should endeavor to neither separate his undertakings nor chuckle at his works. He applies to the master to rouse his works and may brilliance be given to the ruler who may show benevolence to each one of those that are looking down at his works of acclaim (Nor chuckle Thou them to hate however absolve give). For in the event that greatness is given, at that point it will last (Thy dust will live.) And that the individuals ought to be mindful so as not to despise at the deficiency of his fills in as they are still piece of his works. (They being Slips slipped from Thy Crumb of Dust.) Edward as the crump of residue looks for God( the mountain) to manage him with the goal that he can show case his ability and give acclaim and brilliance to the god-like god (the last stanza)In the last three refrain for Ann Bradley, she glances back at the old Greeks who were gentle in there treatment of there ladies however they are still fakers (Else of our sex why pretended they those Nine). To her Greeks will be Greeks and that men should quit taking up arms to demonstrate to the ladies as they have a favorable position and they will consistently exceed expectations, every one of that ladies are looking for from the men is some regard and affirmation for all that they do( Yet award some little affirmation of our own) For even the fowls that fly the skies fly high yet get their prey and that men can quit looking down the ladies accomplishments then ladies accomplishment including he r works will undoubtedly carry more riches to the men by basically recognizing them.( last verse) . To close the two authors are taking a gander at the craft of composing as a methods for satisfying there wants. For Ann Acknowledgment from men and for Edward commendation to the master.

Undo Send Feature of Gmail

Undo Send Feature of Gmail Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Undo Send Feature of GmailUpdated On 08/03/2016Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : GoogleShort URL : http://hbb.me/1QD2gbO CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogGoogle recently launched a new feature for its mail service, Gmail which allows its users to recall the email which they have sent by mistake/accident. This feature can stop the messages being sent. This new feature is named as Undo Send which lets users to abort or stop the delivery of any Gmail message within seconds of sending it.Undo Send Feature of GmailTo activate go to Gmail account | Settings | Labs and you will find a feature called Undo Send . Now just click on the Enable radio button.BTW, dont forget that this Undo Send feature wont recall a email that has been sent already. It can hold the email in a quene for only five seconds. If you send a message by mistake, or you may have second thoughts for undo what yo u have did, the answer is here ! ??READGoogle Apps Referral Program Review (Earn $15 Per User)

Hinduism The Indian Worldview Essay - 899 Words

The Indian Worldview: Breaking Down Hinduism Hinduism is a religion that is difficult to define. No one can say who the founder is, or connect it to a certain place or time. So in order to understand Hinduism, we follow a coherent set of assumptions upon which people base their lives; otherwise defined as the Indian Worldview. The main concept of the worldview that will help us explain Hinduism is the idea that the spiritual is more important than the physical. Smirti literature are stories or texts, which almost all people in India or areas surrounding India would know. They aren’t like the Veda’s or the Shruti, that require priests or are mainly concerned with the higher class, the Smirti are for everyone. The Dharmashastra is a†¦show more content†¦The early Vedas are very concerned with rituals and goes into great detail of sacrifices; the later Vedas are specifically concerned with knowledge. It is written in complex language and it strives for answers. The writings are direct and searching for connections between interrelationships and the cosmos. They believe that if you can really know and understand the microcosm (your personal world), you can achieve and know more about the macrocosm (the entire universe). Another key concept of Hinduism is that every individual is responsible for his or her own solution. This idea is mainly connected with the terms Karma and Dharma. Karma is this principle where actions of an individual influence the future of that individual. Karma is what feeds samsara, or your rebirth. If you have karma, good or bad, that is unresolved when you die you will be reborn again. As said before, the main purpose of life on earth for Hindu’s is to break this cycle of time and receive moksha, so every individual is responsible for taking care of his or her own karma. Dharma works oppositely, as it only brings you closer moksha faster. Dharma is one’s duty or course of conduct. Following your dharma without any personal agenda will bring you closer to your purpose in life. There are many legitimate paths to the goal of moksha an individual can take. One’s dharma is not set in stone, the path that is chosen isShow MoreRelatedClassification of Religions1509 Words   |  7 Pagessystem and worldviews that establish symbols that relate humanity to spirituality and to moral values. It defines who you are, what you are and your views about the world. It gives its followers guidelines which frames their actions, attitudes, cultures and belief. TYPES OF RELIGIONS: There are more than four thousand religions in this world, however, most of them are not commonly known to world. Famous religions have been divided into three types: 1. Abrahamic Religions 2. Indian ReligionsRead MoreThe Complexities of Hinduism803 Words   |  4 PagesThe religion of Hinduism is the third largest religion in the world. The many aspects of Hinduism present a complex religion. However complex and intellectual this religion seems, the over whelming branches and diversities of Hinduism pose problems for the Hindu worldview. The history, nature of the world, practical outcomes, and superiority of Christianity display the challenges that Hinduism presents. From Hinduism’s pantheon of gods to its dysfunctional caste system, this religion has wreakedRead MoreThe Human Process Of Communication1534 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch paper explores the contributing factors of marital negotiation, diplomacy and comprehension of relationship elements as well as human discernment skills when approaching marriage and communication pertaining to various cultural views. The Hinduism, Islamic and Christian spiritual cultures are chosen for their comparative a nd diverse qualities, cited in summation context in this report. 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In this essay, I’ll be comparing and contrasting the four views of human nature that we have studied so far – Confucianism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Platonism – critically examining their similarities and differences. Also, I’ll be explaining which one I think provides the most plausible understanding of what we are. First, I will introduce each of the four views of human nature by defining them. Then, I will elaborate and thoroughlyRead MoreHinduism : A Model For Religious Toleration Essay2153 Words   |  9 Pages HINDUISM: A MODEL FOR RELIGIOUS TOLERATION Hailey Walley Introduction to Religion Final Paper Dr. S. Moses December 8th 2016 â€Æ' Paul Griffiths argues that religions by their very nature are exclusivist and, therefore, preach that all who do not follow its particular religious law are exempt from salvation . Hinduism, however, disproves this theory, regularly illustrating its inclusive nature and holistic perspective of the world throughout history. 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This essay serves to compare these three different religious philosophies: Yoruba, Hinduism (karma) and Buddhism, to a Christian’s perspective. These religions have wide perspectives but one will key in on health management and what to expect from healthcare point of view while caring for these patients. Yoruba religion is based on nature worshippingRead MoreAssess the Sociological Explanations of the Relationship Between Globalisation and Religion.1107 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopment and rational worldview on which they depend on are seen as destroying the belief in supernatural. However religion can contribute to development, but most recently sociologists have examined what role religion may play in development in today’s globalising world. This can be seen in India. Globalisation has brought rapid economic growth and has seen India become a more important player in the world political stage. It has brought prosperity to some, notably the Indian middle class. NandaRead More Effective Leadership Essay1579 Words   |  7 Pagesand the world. As a nation, we place no greater responsibility on any one individual than we do on the president. Therefore, leadership plays a vital role. Worldview is the totality of our conception of what this complex, fragmented world is like. The perception we have about our self is part of our worldview. What indicates our worldview is not necessarily how we react to individual events or specific situations, but the overall pattern or character of our lifestyle. Lifestyle is influenced by

Young Adults With Bipolar Disorders - 1171 Words

Young Adults with Bipolar Disorders Anjana Muralidharan Emory University School of Medicine Abstract In this study researchers investigated and sample many young adult’s ages (18-40 yrs.) with bipolar disorders found them to associate with Behavioral Approach System (BAS). The Behavioral Approach System (BAS) dysregulation including emotional reactivity to negative feedback and schemas and self-criticism/perfectionism. There were twenty- two young adults with bipolar I disorder and 22 matched did a survey and an interview giving back false feedback. Participants exhibited levels (p = 0.001) of self-criticism and tread towards greater decrease I positive affect after negative feedback (p = 0.053), even control by mood symptoms.†¦show more content†¦This illness can be so severe some people can suffer for years before they are properly diagnosed and treat it is a long term illness that can be taken care of throughout your entire life. Researchers shows that family environment is a very contextual factor and that influences the course of bipolar illness. High levels of Expressed Emotions (EE) can worsen a person with bipolar disorder and the lack of amount of family environment that has been spent in a relationship with a family member, predicts poor clinical course for individuals with bipolar disorder. The (EE) interacts with the course of bipolar illness are unrecognizable it is possible that (EE) interacts with important psychobiological system that is thought to be dysregulated in individuals with bipolar disorder: the Behavioral Approach System (BAS). They are trying to discover the relationship between family members and the Behavioral Approach System (BAS) sensitivity in the bipolar disorder. The (BAS) dysregulation model of bipolar disorder, is characterized by emotional reactivity to reward and a tendency to emphasize goal achievement and avoid failure this system is a positive affective response being generated and thus behavior is further positively reinforced. Many individuals with bipolar disorder tend to exhibit cognitive styles mar ked by higher levels of perfectionism and self-criticism than control between bipolar

The Conflict Between Catholic And Protestant Churches

In the 17th century, the conflict between Catholic churches and Protestant churches threw Europe into a great turmoil (Buelow 9). Half of Europe was plagued by the seemingly endless wars of religion, and countries such as Italy and Germany broke into numerous political fragments (Buelow 9). After the Thirty Years’ War, there existed more than 300 principalities in Germany (Vaubel 280); Italy also split into many independent or semi-independent states (Buelow 9). During this religious upheaval in the 17th century, a new type of music, Baroque music, developed rapidly and became increasingly prominent. Considering the social and political instability and the enormous financial drain brought by the endless warfare in central, western and northern Europe in the 17th century, it is remarkable that Baroque music not only survived but also developed rapidly (Buelow 9-10). How could Baroque music develop so rapidly in the great religious turmoil in 17th century? The answer is that the conflict between Catholic and Protestant churches and the political fragmentation in the 17th century spurred the rapid rise of Baroque music. Firstly, the conflict between Catholic churches and Protestant churches induced their competition for more spiritually moving music, which led to an increasing demand for musicians, and offered more freedom of innovation for composers. Secondly, the conflict between Catholic churches and Protestant churches in the 17th century led to the politicalShow MoreRelatedProtestant Reformation And The Reformation1727 Words   |  7 PagesHI 101 Essay 3 Zhenli Xu Protestant Reformation Protestant Reformation is admittedly one of the most important schisms in the history of Christianity. It started with Martin Luther nailing the Ninety-Five Theses on the door of the Catholic Church in Germany in 1517, and ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. The Reformation was a religious movement triggered by the rise of humanism during the Renaissance and the general corruption of the Roman Catholic Church that eventually led to theRead More Europe after the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter Reformation783 Words   |  4 PagesEurope after the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter Reformation The period immediately following the Protestant reformation and the Catholic counter reformation, was full of conflict and war. The entire continent of Europe and all of its classes of society were affected by the destruction and flaring tempers of the period. In the Netherlands, the Protestants and the Catholics were at eachother’s throats. In France it was the Guise family versus the Bourbons. In Bohemia, the religiousRead MoreChristianity, The World s Largest Religion1653 Words   |  7 Pagesbut also includes more than 25,000 different denominational groups. The three branches of Christianity are Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Protestant. Each of these branches have numerous denominations within them. For instance, Protestantism includes Lutherans, Baptist, Methodists, Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Pentecostals, and Evangelicals. Ongoing conflicts about beliefs and practices caused the creation of these denominations. In 1504, the first division of Christianity i nto branchesRead MoreAbortion And The United States1704 Words   |  7 Pagesand â€Å"unborn† baby. According to the â€Å"divine Author of the Bible,† there wasn’t a distinguishing variation between the two. Also, within the bible, there is never a turning point in your life where you transition between becoming a person. For instance, in Luke 1:44, â€Å"For behold, when the sound of your greetings reached my ears, the baby leaped in my womb for joy.† There is no transition between becoming and being human; there is only being alive. As shown in Luke 1:44, the child within her womb wasRead MoreReformation Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesReformation In the first half of the sixteenth century Western Europe experienced a wide range of social, artistic, political changes as the result of a conflict within the Catholic church. This conflict is called the Protestant Reformation, and the Catholic response to it is called the Counter-Reformation. The Reformation began when Martin Luther posted his Ninety-Five theses against the indulgences of the Church. These indulgences included if you did a good dead, this reduced the amountRead MoreThe Reformation And The Reformation1421 Words   |  6 PagesDue largely in part to the selling of indulgences and the flawed teachings of the Catholic Church many people were dissatisfied about their faith during the Renaissance. This led to a period called the Reformation, which began in 1517. The Reformation was led by radical critics Martin Luther and John Calvin, who questioned the teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church, due to their selling of indulgences and stray from the Bible. The Reformation started in central Europe and spread toRead MoreThe Protestant Information1329 Words   |  6 PagesThe protestant information is one of the most significant historical heritages the religious community value. The event of this transformation was violent and interesting at the sa me time. Religious institutions that exist today are the result of the war and transformation of people’s ideology. The history and the reason behind the formation are well documented and analyzed based on the events. The explanation behind the reformation is detailed and expansive enough to provide the reader a wider perspectiveRead MoreWhat Were The Social Cause Of The Protestant Reformation?1289 Words   |  6 PagesWhat were the social causes of the Protestant Reformation? The bible was being made more accessible than ever. One of the things that led to more people interpreting the bible is that it was translated into everyday language. Another was the fact that the printing press was enabled that allowed multiple copies of the bible to be made. Previous to this, scribes would have to write every bible by hand and this could take years, just for one of them. Another factor was the fact that there was increasedRead MoreEssay on The Effects of the Reformation on European L ife1080 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom the word go, people all around Europe were dominantly Catholic before the reformation. This time was bringing change throughout Europe with a heavy influence on art and culture because the Renaissance was occurring; a religious revolution was also beginning, which was known as the Protestant Reformation. The Protestant Reformation was the voicing of disagreements by a German Catholic priest about the Catholic Church; this priest was Martin Luther and was excommunicatedRead More Protestant Reformation Essay804 Words   |  4 Pages PROTESTANT REFORMATION: A MENTOR TO CHRISTIAN CIVILIZATION nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When we talk about Protestant Reformation, what usually comes to our mind is a movement that brought about negative effects not just in Europe but also in the whole Catholic Church, which are still being felt and experienced even today. Although it may be true that the Protestant Reformation had been one of the causes of the gradual decline of the Catholic Church during the 16th century, it also brought about

Combining Decorative Flair with Safety

Question: Discuss about the Combining Decorative Flair with Safety. Answer: Today, manufacturers of products are under increased pressure to increase operating efficiency. The challenges that hinder growth or that prevent a shop from meeting its target include increased competition, changes in demographics for consumers, increased services spending, and low rate of success for new brands (Kuester, Homburg Hess, 2012, p.39). The world is entering an innovation era, and so is Oxfam shop. At Oxfam, poverty is unjustifiable and preventable (Shop.oxfam.org.au., n.d.). Therefore, to build momentum in the business, the store plans to come up with a candle holder that satisfies the needs of people of all classes. It is influencing the way in which it thinks about its aspect of research, marketing the development of its products, maintenance, and end-of-life of the products and their disposal. Fast and efficient product introduction that provides clients with goods and services that suit their demand are most likely to win in the market, unlike those brands that rea ct slowly to market changes. Thus, the sheer act of launching a candle stand will help create visibility for Oxfam shop, build its brand recognition and name, and attract more people to the store. The market research is required to make sure Oxfam produces what its customers need. As a result, the shop employs secondary consumer research method since it did not have to question how relevant the candle holder would be to the society. Instead, following research, it was evident that most people in Sydney who use candles do not have their holders, which further make them prone to many risks such as that of fires. Looking at the competition, Oxfam Shop chose to come up with a craft of a candle holder because it is a unique product. It is a product that most other shops in the market do not sell. Besides, it caters for the need of the community on the other side of their wants ('Candle Holders, 2013, p.63). Other than dwelling on the beauty products of women such as bracelets, Oxfam cares about the well-fair of the people and the beauty of a home. Additionally, the materials of their candle holders are Nicco nickel, glass, and wood with different designs according to what the client wants, and at affordable prices. Examples are shown below: Oxfams goal for this products launch is to increase the visibility of the shop by attracting many other customers in Sydney within a year. Of course, this step will help both the society and the company grow. The middle and low class may get new products of candle holders giving them an extreme charm and incredible look at home. Accordingly, Oxfam also builds momentum in its marketing and business. Conclusion Business performance adds to the capacity to cost-effectively take along superior products to the market (Lazic, 2013). Most companies use innovative ideas, and the needs of customers and the business to create new products that their customers would be willing to purchase. Similarly, Oxfam comes up with candle holders that satisfy the needs of all. Reference List 'Candle Holders: Combining Decorative Flair with Safety' 2013, Souvenirs, Gifts, Novelties, 52, 1, pp. 62-64. Kuester, S, Homburg, C, Hess, S 2012, 'Externally Directed and Internally Directed Market Launch Management: The Role of Organizational Factors in Influencing New Product Success Externally Directed and Internally Directed Market Launch Management: The Role of Organizational Factors in Influencing New Product Success', Journal Of Product Innovation Management, 29, pp. 38-52. Lazic, M 2013, The Impact Of Information Technology Governance On Business Performance, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang AG. Shop.oxfam.org.au. (n.d.). Ethical Gifts Online - Fair Trade Products Organic Gifts Australia | Oxfam Shop. [online] Available at: https://shop.oxfam.org.au/ [Accessed 12 Jan. 2017].

Factors of the $787 Economic Stimulus Package

Introduction The $787 stimulus bill was approved by President Obama on February 17 2009. It is one of the most expensive bills to be ever passed in the history of the United States. It received a minimum votes from the Democrats and none of the Republicans voted for it. This paper looks at the over view of the stimulus package, ideology and arguments of a Republican and a Democrat, and concludes by giving a personal view of the bill.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Factors of the $787 Economic Stimulus Package specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Overview of the $787 Stimulus Package The $787 stimulus package was passed into law on February 15 2009. President Obama gave his final approval despite the opposition from the Republicans. The purpose of the bill was to jumpstart the economy of the United States which was negatively affected by the Great Depression. It was passed by the Senate through a minimum vot e of 60-30; just what was required for the bill to be approved. The stimulus’s main elements are; job creation, improvement in health care, tax relief for families, and development in infrastructure, education, and energy sector (Calmes Carl, 2009). The costs included: $40 B for creation of employment opportunities and increasing the unemployment benefits $46 B investment in infrastructure $115 B income tax credits $5 B low-income programs $6 B grants The Stimulus bill is the most sweeping bills in the history of the U.S. and its passage was not without difficulties. Democrats and Republicans engaged in arguments some discussing for and others against the bill. None of the republicans voted in favor of the bill. Moreover not all the Democrats voted for the bill as seven members voted against it. The Democrats argued that, the bill would create more than 3 million job opportunities while the republicans argued that, if the bill was passed into law, the future of the economy would be threatened and would be saddled with debt. They also noted that they had been given very little time to read and understand the enormous bill before it was released and the decision to pass the bill was not just. The approval of the stimulus bill was expected to help all U.S. citizens, for instance new buyers of a car or a house would benefit from modest tax breaks on their purchases. It would also benefit low income earners through tax relief. It would provide Americans with a tax credit worth $400 for singles, and $800 for married couples. The taxpayer’s paycheck would increase by almost $8 on a weekly basis because of the tax credit which in turn would increase consumer spending. Retirees and disabled individuals would receive a tax credit worth 250 dollars and the unemployment benefits were increased (Calmes Carl, 2009).Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At the start of the negotiation process, the Republican had proposed a $440 billion bill including a stop measure to freeze in more spending on the GDP after a positive growth. On the other hand, the Democrats had proposed a $900 billion bill without stop gaps. After a long discussion, three Republican and Democrats agreed on a $780 billion although it was later adjusted to $787 billion which was approved and signed into law. Many Republicans were against this bill and argued that it would significantly increase government spending resulting in deficits in GDP and international debts. Ideology and Arguments of Republican Sen. Lindsay Graham Sen. Lindsay Graham (the Senate Budget Committee for South Caroline) is one of the Republicans who were strongly opposed to the bill. According to him, the bill was doomed to fail. This is because the bill would spend over one trillion dollars of the state’s money in a span of 10 years. Moreover, the bill does not have stop-gaps measures f or economic recovery. This means that if the bill is to be successful, government expenditure will have to increase considerably. Graham noted that only 11% of the bill would hit the economy in first year, and over 50% would not be spent in two years time. He also noted that the bill did not include the banking sector and it didn’t have anything to do with the housing market (Quinn, 2009). However, most democrats hold that these matters do not have anything to do with the economy, although, in reality, they are among the problems derailing the economy. Graham argued that, if the bill had focused more on housing and banking, the nation would have an opportunity to help its economy. The banking and the housing sectors are the economic engines in most of the developed countries and they play a great role in the financial sector. Graham refuted the Democrats argument that the bill will create jobs and that it would improve the economy. According to him, the democrats just rely on platitudes and not facts in making their arguments. For instance, they discuss about President Bush, but do nothing about the package. He commented that, â€Å"The people spoke, and I don’t think this is what they had in mind† (Issenberg Globe, 2009). According to him, the over 1, 000 page bill was an act of theft that would adversely affect the government by increasing federal deficits. Several of the Republicans noted that Obama’s approval of the massive bill without their cooperation was a betrayal of his campaign rhetoric concerning bipartisan consensus.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Factors of the $787 Economic Stimulus Package specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Graham said that â€Å"If this is going to be bipartisanship, the country is screwed. I know bipartisanship when I see it. I’ve participated in it. I have gone back home and gotten primary opponents because I wanted to be bipartisanship† (Amanpour, 2009). His rejection of the bill was based on lack of bipartisanship. The whole process was not bipartisan, it was a rammed process. It had been started with the idea that the democrats will win in writing the bill. The Senate was not even given enough time to read the 1,079 bill and be able to correct some of its clauses. For instance, Graham wondered about the connection between AMT and job creation which was included in the bill. Graham was not actually against the bill, but the gigantic spending which was not appropriately allocated. He would have supported the $440 billion bill since it included all that the government wanted to do to bring change, for instance, it cut taxes, had investment in infrastructure, and helped the unemployed people. What he did not understand is the need for the government sweeping stimulus package. Graham disapproval on the bill was based on facts that were not included in the bill. During a debate aired by the ABC news, Graham agreed that there was need for a stimulus package that focused on job creation. However, according to him 11% of the appropriated money was to be spent in 2009; this means that a large percentage of the money in the stimulus package is entitled to spending and is not aimed at creating jobs. About 27% goes to tax cut, and this is a very small percent because only $3 billion in given to small business which should have the biggest focus since more than 75% of the residents in the U.S are employed in small businesses. This means that out of $787 billion, only $3 billion goes to small businesses. This is not enough to create new job opportunities. This is where the Democrats missed the mark, instead on focusing on facts, they focused on issues that were not directly related to the mission they had at hand. If the bill was given more time, it would have been amended appropriately and would have received a majority votes (Anon. 2009). Ideology and Arguments of Demo crat Sen. Chuck Schumer According to Sen. Chuck Schumer (the Vice of the Joint Economic Committee), the bill would strengthen the nation’s economy by creating job opportunities for millions of U.S. citizens, it would also deliver a tax relief for majority of the workers (95%), help in the development of infrastructures particularly in the rural communities, create a positive impact on the education sector, and help in the improvement of the energy sector.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He notes that U.S. have had the worst economy since the era of the Great Depression and more than five hundred thousand people had been losing job opportunities every month. There was need to create more jobs and also preserve the ones which were still in existence (Saltonstall, 2009). This could not be done without the government having to incur extra costs in terms of spending. According to him, the stimulus bill would therefore be a strong package towards economic discovery. It would create more than 3 million jobs, it would increase the income of the middle class thereby increasing their spending patterns which in turn would boost the economy, and it would create a good infrastructure that makes traveling to and from work easy. Schumer differed with Graham’s argument that the stimulus bill was not good for the small businesses. According to him, the bill would help small businesses to expand thereby creating jobs. It would allow them to take up losses that had been incurr ed instead of paying taxes. And also the economic plan had made significant consideration for the small businesses. He however admitted that the stimulus bill was not perfect, but it was much better than doing nothing about the situation. It may seem that the bill is taking a significant part of the budget, but the results are worth it. By investing in infrastructure, especially roads and rails, the rural areas will be developed thus creating more job opportunities. People will have greater access to social amenities including health care services. Schumer did not find a reason for voting against the bill. According to him, the bill encompassed all sectors of the economy. For instance it focused on infrastructure development including water and sewer, energy and arts which is a key engine of economic growth in New York (Galbraith, 2011). Most of the people who voted against it are still the ones who had proposed that some things be taken out of the bill which was done. Schumer did n ot understand why they still voted against. He noted that the biggest amendments made to the bill were suggested by the Republicans, for instance the $70 billion, $38 billion for the AMT, and housing relief. There was no reason for opposing the bill since it had been amended as people had requested. He noted that â€Å"every one of the 435 House members and 100 senators can find some provisions they didn’t like in this bill† (Amanpour, 2009), but that was not reason enough to vote against the bill. There is nothing that is perfect and everything has its positive and negative side. Supporting the bill was an indication of the need for economic recovery from the effects of the Great depression (Baker, 2010). People need to come and reason together if a nation is to develop. What Schumer did not understand is why people would talk about the expensive bill but they never talked about the $1 trillion used during the Iraq war or the deficits of $800 billion incurred when Geo rge Bush was president. There was a reason to oppose the deficit spending, but there is no reason enough to oppose the tax cuts. Personal Opinion A bill that is expected to spend such a large sum of money should be discussed at length and every member concerned should be given ample time to air his/her view. It is true that the bill is a path into economic recovery, but the amount is gigantic. Spending a lot of money does not mean that the end results will be perfect rather the approach used determines the results. The banking sector has for a long time been known to be a key engine of development. Every activity done by the banks involves interests and there is no business activity that does not require the services of a bank. Instead of increasing the unemployment benefits and tax relief, the bill should have focused more on increasing youth funds, or other funds to be given out to entrepreneurs. This would result in job creation and the government would earn interests. The small businesses should also be given a larger percentage since most of the people are employed in these businesses which are not well developed. The passage of the bill by President Obama was rather a rush move given that it was his first bill to approve. I think he should have given the Democrats and the Republicans a longer period of time to discuss over the content of the bill. There is no single person who can be able to read and understand a document containing more than one thousand pages in a few hours. Moreover, the document in question is a public policy that should not be passed anyhow. Having all Republicans vote against the bill was not a coincidence but serious matter. It may even seem that some of the Democrats voted for the document, not because they fully understood its contents, but because they were in favor of it from the initial process. Reference List Amanpour, C. (2009). This week ‘Transcript: stimulus debate. Web. Anon. (2009). US Congress passes stimulus pla n. Web. Baker, P. (2010). Education of a President, the New York Times Magazine. Calmes, J. Carl H. (2009). Obama Considers Major Expansion in Aid to Jobless, The New York Times. Galbraith, K. (2011). Obama signs stimulus packed with Clean Energy Provisions. The New York Times. Issenberg, S. Globe, B. (2009). Congress Approves $787 Billion Stimulus Package. Web. Quinn, J. (2009). The 2009 Stimulus Package: A $787 Billion Horror Story. Web. Saltonstall, D. (2009). New York Gets Big Slice Presidents Obama’s Stimulus Package, Thanks To State’s Congressional Bigs. Web. This research paper on Factors of the $787 Economic Stimulus Package was written and submitted by user Deshawn Raymond to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Harry Davis Jr Essays - Sociology, Philosophy, Humanities

Harry Davis Jr Essays - Sociology, Philosophy, Humanities Harry Davis Jr Final Exam Dr. Thomas Emile Durkheim Emile Durkheim believed in functionalism which is the perspective that is largely based on the work of Durkheim. According to functionalism society is a system of interconnected parts that that work together in harmony to maintain a state of balance and social equilibrium. Functionalist emphasizes the interconnectedness of society by focusing on how each part can influence another. Division of Labor (mechanical solidarity, organic solidarity) Mechanical Solidarity- is the sense of togetherness in a society that arises when people, performing similar work, share similar experiences, customs, values, and beliefs. Sociologist Emile Durkheim coined the term in 1893 to explain what keeps some kinds of societies together, or put another way, why a society does not fragment. Durkheim says it connects the individual to society without any intermediary. Society is organized collectively and all members of group share the same belief. Organic Solidarity- Organic solidarity is social unity b ased on a division of labor that results in people depending on each other; it contrasts with mechanical solidarity. In sociology, organic solidarity explains what binds technologically advanced, industrialized societies together. Society is a system of different functions that are united by definite relationships. Karl Marx Karl Marx was raised by jews and converted to Luthernaism and he is also the founder of communism. Capitalism System of government is democratic, property is privately owned and driven by free enterprise. Wealth is distributed unevenly, education and health care provided by private entities. Freedom of the press Class distinctions: upper class, middle class and working class Focus is on the individual and his/her own progress in life. While communism is a system of government is totalitarian, property is owned by the state with no free enterprise is allowed. Wealth is distributed equally, education and health care provided by the state and press controlled and owned by the state classless society: all members of society are considered to be equal Focus is on the progress of the community as a whole. Karl Marx also believed in Marxism which is; the economic and political theory and practice originated by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that holds that actions and human institutions are economically determined, that the class struggle is the basic agency of historical change, and that capitalism will ultimately be superseded by communism. Marx moral critique of capitalism began with his idea of alienation. The system of capitalism makes work become increasingly dehumanizing. Karl Marx was a philosopher who believed that capitalism was flawed and the socialist economic approaches would yield better results. Max Weber Max Weber is a German sociologist best known for his combining of economic sociology and the sociology of religion. He was associated with the rise in the Western Protestantism was one of the major elective affinities associated with the rise in western world of market, Max Weber was a strong beli ever in the sociological perspective which is the study of human life and social interactions as well as these interactions shape group and society as a whole. This perspective views society as a prouct created by humans that can be changed. He also came up with beaucracy which has six steps 1. A formal hierarchical structure " Each level controls the level below and is controlled by the level above. A formal hierarchy is the basis of central planning and centralized decision making. " 2. Management by rules " Controlling by rules allows decisions made at high levels to be executed consistently by all lower levels. " 3. Organ ization by functional spe cialty " Work is to be done by specialists, and people are organized into units based on the type of work they do or skills they have. " 4. An "up-f ocused" or "in-focused" mission " If the mission is described as "up-focused," then the organization's purpose is to serve the stockholders, the board, or whatever agency empowered it. " 5. Purposely impersona l " The idea is to treat all employees equally and customers equally, and not be influenced by individual differences. " 6. Employment ba sed on technical qualifications " The bureaucratic form, according to Parkinson, has another attribute. "

A SWOT Analysis of the Blackberry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A SWOT Analysis of the Blackberry - Essay Example SWOT Analysis Before 2002 the Blackberry was an ordinary two-way pager along with a thumb keyboard. Soon, it introduced the 5000 and 6000 series Blackberry and raised its market attraction with Java and e-mail features. The next launch of 7000 series included additional features such as full color screen and better web browsing. After the launch of 7100 series, the company focused the attention to capture the market of ordinary consumer rather than its past niche area of business professionals. In its desire to create a niche area of general consumers, the re-strengthening process began with the 8000 series, offering Wi-Fi capabilities, built in cameras, and memory enhancing alternatives. The latest 9000 series has heightened the Blackberry’s strengths with the inclusion of full HTML support for web pages, the capacity to receive RSS feeds, and other superior online social networking features (Vercillo, 2010). With this graph of innovative history, a SWOT analysis of the Black berry will show the mirror of what is in store for Blackberry. Strengths Till now the innovative past track of the Blackberry has enabled the RIM to capture a good chunk of the American market, with 37 percent of the US market for smart-phones relatively to its next nearest rival Windows Mobile at 26 percent (Hansberry, 2009). Smart Phone Market Shares for year of 2009 and last quarter 2009 SMARTPHONES Table 1 1 - Nokia . . . .   68 Million  Ã‚  Ã‚   39% 2 - RIM  . . . . .   35 Million  Ã‚  Ã‚   20% 3 - Apple . . . .   25 Milllion  Ã‚  Ã‚   15% 4 - HTC   . . . . .   8 Million   Ã‚   5% 5 - Others . . .   35 Million  Ã‚  Ã‚   21% Total   . . . . . . 175 Million The above table indicates the overall market share of RIM’s smart-phones at 20 percent of the total sale of 175 million; it was next only to Nokia . A big part of this market power is from the business category of IT professionals, increasing its sales with BlackBerry Enterprise Server, as IT p rofessionals can manipulate its features like disabling multimedia add-ons such as the camera and music player to limiting the specific websites’ user experience. No rival so far has succeeded in providing this functionality from the IT aspect (Morisy, 2008). Weaknesses The weaknesses of the BlackBerry erupt from its stronghold on IT capabilities; the IT section of the Company is not as keen about add-on IT features as media, web browsing and others, which are nicely managed by Windows Mobile and others. It has been late in introducing the touch-screen capability (Vercillo, 2010). Not offering High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) on all models, RIM has become a soft target from the rival companies offering this capability at competitive cost on various models. This drawback of the company policy could prove costly in the long run (Chan, 2009). The Blackberry’s network architecture since the global outage of April 2007, although it happened on a small scale can bec ome a serious problem in future (Blackberry Blast, 2007). Opportunities The Blackberry Partners Fund can be a great opportunity for RIM, as it is being leveraged to develop downloadable applications for the BlackBerry from other companies (Gardner, 2008). This market has been captured by Apples iPhone, and the BlackBerry has not shown eagerness for this model of developing applications. Therefore,

The great depression(conditions leading to the depression) Assignment

The great depression(conditions leading to the depression) - Assignment Example In the early-mid 1920s, production by farmers was far more than the population consumed. Mechanization in production techniques meant there was an increase in output that was expensive thereby putting firms in debts. Falling food production and reduction in land prices resulted in agricultural losses leaving vast populations poor and unemployed. With the demand dropping and supply increasing, the price of products reduced leaving the over-expanded firms short-changed leading to closure (Saint-Etienne, 2013). Top workers had their income rising by 75% while the bottom workers only enjoyed a 9% rise in wages. With industrial production growing by 50% in 1920s, there was wide a gap between high-income earners and those struggling in poverty leading to a reduction in disposable income to purchase the produce. With extensive unemployment, the poor required aid from the already cash-strapped authorities further deepening the financial problems. Explosion of stock markets built on speculation as seen in modern capitalist economy caused investors to buy stock believing it was going to rise quickly so that they could sell their stocks later. Most stock purchases were on credit as investors were required to have 5% of the stock’s value with the rest being supplied by a loan ‘buying on margin’. Speculation together with the short-term outlook of the investors did not offer consistency and stability for the system to yield economic benefits. The resulting tension led to selling of the stock causing a mini crash resulting in mass panic as the middle and upper classes lost money. The presence of numerous small banks with insufficient resources to handle the high demand for their money in conjunction with increasing nervousness about the state of the stock market played a major part in initiating the Great Depression. For this reason, they had to sell assets, borrow off other banks or shut down. Drying up of credit and reduction in lending

Econ Problem Set Essay Example for Free

Econ Problem Set Essay 1) Describe the effects on output and welfare if the government regulates a monopoly so that it may not charge a price above p, which lies between the unregulated monopoly price and the optimally regulate price (determined by the intersection of the firm’s marginal cost and the market demand curve). As usual, the monopoly determines its optimal output on the basis of MR = MC. Here, however, it cannot charge a price in excess of p*. So, for any output less than Q(p*) (where Q(p) is the demand function) its marginal revenue is p*. On the graph below that gives: pm p* MR MC Demand q m q * 2) The inverse demand curve a monopoly faces is p=10Q-1/2. The firm’s cost curve is c(Q) = 10 + 5Q. Find the profit maximizing price and quantity, and economic profit for the monopoly. Revenue = pQ = Q(10Q-1/2) = 10Q1/2 MR = 5Q-1/2 MC = 5 Profit maximization implies MR = MC, so 5Q-1/2 = 5, or Q* = 1; p* = 10. Economic Profit = Revenue – Cost = Q Ãâ€" p – c(Q) = 1(10) – (10 + 5Q) Economic Profit = 10 – 15 = -5. So, the monopoly will not produce at all, and will have a profit of zero. 3) The inverse demand curve a monopoly faces is p = 100 – Q. Find the profit maximizing price and quantity, and economic profit if: a) The total cost curve is c(Q) = 10 + 5Q. p = 100 – Q, R = p Ãâ€" Q = (100 – Q) Ãâ€" Q, so MR = 100 – 2Q. C(Q) = 10 + 5Q, therefore MC = 5. The profit-maximizing rule is MR = MC. 100 – 2Q = 5 ⇒ Q* = 47.5, p* = 100 – Q* = 52.5 So the profit-maximizing quantity is 47.5 units. The firm will charge $52.5 per unit. Economic Profit = Revenue – Cost = Q Ãâ€" p – c(Q) = Q(100 – Q) – (10 + 5Q) Economic Profit = 47.5(52.5) – (10 + 5(47.5)) = $2,246.25 b) The total cost curve is c(Q) = 100 + 5Q. How is this similar/different from that found in part a? The optimal price and quantity are the same, because the marginal cost doesn’t change. The marginal cost is constant at $5 as before. By setting MR = MC, the firm will have the same profit-maximizing solution. The only thing that changes is economic profit. Economic profit here is $90 less than in the previous problem (because of the difference in fixed costs). So, Economic Profit = $2,246.25 – 90 = $2,156.25. c) If the total cost curve is given by c(Q) = 16 + Q2. C(Q) = 16 + Q2, therefore MC = 2Q. The profit-maximizing rule is MR = MC. 100 – 2Q = 2Q ⇒ Q* = 25, p* = 100 – Q* = 75 So the profit-maximizing quantity is 25 units. The firm will charge $75 per unit. Economic Profit = Revenue – Cost = Q Ãâ€" p – c(Q) = 25(75) – (16 + Q2) = $1234. d) If the (total) cost curve is given by c(Q) = 16 + 4Q2, find the monopolist’s profit-maximizing quantity and price. How much economic profit will the monopolist earn? C(Q) = 16 + 4Q2, therefore MC = 8Q. The profit-maximizing rule is MR = MC. 100 – 2Q = 8Q ⇒ Q* = 10, p* = 100 – Q* = 90 So the profit-maximizing quantity is 10 units. The firm will charge $90 per unit. Economic Profit = Revenue – Cost = Q Ãâ€" p – c(Q) = 10(90) – (16 + 4Q2) = $484. e) Suppose (again) that the total cost curve is given by c(Q) = 16 + Q2 and the monopolist has access to a foreign market in which it can sell whatever quantity it chooses at a constant price of 60. How much will it sell in the foreign market? What will its new quantity and price be in the original market? It will sell on the foreign market up to the point where its marginal cost = 60. Since Marginal Cost = 2Q that means total production is 2QT = 60 or QT = 30. Domestic sales are now based on the marginal cost of $60 per unit, so The profit-maximizing rule is MR = MC. 100 – 2Q = 60 ⇒ QD = 20, pD = 100 – QD = 80 It will sell the remainder on the foreign market: QF = 30 – 20 = 10 units. f) Finally suppose the monopolist has a long-run constant marginal cost curve of MC = 20. Find the monopolist’s profit-maximizing quantity and price. Find the efficiency loss from this monopoly. MR = 100 – 2Q. The profit-maximizing rule is MR = MC. 100 – 2Q = 20 ⇒ Q* = 40, p* = 100 – Q* = 60 So the profit-maximizing quantity is 40 units. The firm will charge $60 per unit. Efficient production and price are: pe = 20; Qe = 80. Then Dead-Weight-Loss =  ½ (60 – 20) (80 – 40) = $800. 4) A monopoly sells its good in the United States, where the elasticity of demand is –2, and in Japan, where the elasticity of demand is –5. Its marginal cost is $10. a) At what price does the monopoly sell its good in each country if resales are impossible? The price-discriminating monopoly maximizes its profit by operating where its marginal revenue for each country equals the firm’s marginal cost. Hence, the marginal revenues for the two countries are equal; MRUS = MC = MRJ. MRUS = PUS (1 + 1/ÃŽ µUS) = MC. PUS (1 – 1/2) = 10. Therefore, PUS =20. MRJ = PJ (1 + 1/ÃŽ µJ) = MC. PJ (1 1/5) = 10. Therefore, PJ =12.5. b) What happens to the prices that the monopoly charges in the two countries if retailers can buy the good in Japan and ship it to the United States at a cost of (a) $10 or (b) $0 per unit? If retailers can buy the good in Japan and ship it to the United States at a cost of $10, then it can sell the good in the United States at the price of $22.50. Since it is not profitable, it never happens and nothing changes. However, if the shipping cost is zero, retailers can buy the good in Japan for $12.50 and sell it in the United States for $19 for a profit and undercut the monopolist. This means the monopoly cannot price-discriminate any more. As a result, there will be a single common price which will be somewhere between $12.5 and $ 20. 5) A monopoly sells in two countries, and resales between the countries are impossible. The demand curves in the two countries are p1=100 – Q1, p2=120 – 2Q2. The monopoly’s marginal cost is m = 30. Solve for the equilibrium price in each country. The price-discriminating monopoly maximizes its profit by operating where its marginal revenue for each country equals the firm’s marginal cost. Hence, the marginal revenues for the two countries are equal; MR1 = MC = MR2. P1 = 100 – Q1 MR1 = 100 – 2Q1, MC = 30 Since MR1 = MC, Q1*=35. Therefore, P1* = 65. P2 = 120 – 2Q2 MR2 = 120 – 4Q2, MC = 30. Similarly, MR2 = MC. Therefore, MQ2*=22.5 and P1* = 75.

Hamlet and King Lear - Edgar and Lear :: comparison compare contrast essays

Hamlet and King Lear:   Madness  - Ophelia in Hamlet and Edgar in King Lear  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In both Hamlet and King Lear, Shakespeare incorporates a theme of madness with two characters: one truly mad, and one only acting mad to serve a motive. The madness of Hamlet is frequently disputed. This paper argues that the contrapuntal character in each play, namely Ophelia in Hamlet and Edgar in King Lear, acts as a balancing argument to the other character's madness or sanity. King Lear's more decisive distinction between Lear's frailty of mind and Edgar's contrived madness works to better define the relationship between Ophelia's breakdown and Hamlet's "north-north-west" brand of insanity. Both plays offer a character on each side of sanity, but in Hamlet the distinction is not as clear as it is in King Lear. Using the more explicit relationship in King Lear, one finds a better understanding of the relationship in Hamlet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While Shakespeare does not directly pit Ophelia's insanity (or breakdown) against Hamlet's madness, there is instead a clear definitiveness in Ophelia's condition and a clear uncertainty in Hamlet's madness.   Obviously, Hamlet's character offers more evidence, while Ophelia's breakdown is quick, but more conclusive in its precision. Shakespeare offers clear evidence pointing to Hamlet's sanity beginning with the first scene of the play. Hamlet begins with guards whose main importance in the play is to give credibility to the ghost. If Hamlet were to see his father's ghost in private, the argument for his madness would greatly improve. Yet, not one, but three men together witness the ghost before even thinking to notify Hamlet. As Horatio says, being the only of the guards to play a significant role in the rest of the play, "Before my God, I might not this believe / Without the sensible and true avouch / Of mine own eyes. (I.i.56-8)" Horatio, who appears frequently throughout the play, acts as an unquestionably sane alibi to Hamlet again when framing the King with his reaction to the play.   That Hamlet speaks to the ghost alone detracts somewhat from its credibility, but all the men are witness to the ghost demanding they speak alone. Horatio offers an insightful warning: What if it tempts you toward the flood, my lord, Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff That beetles o'er his base into the sea, And there assume some other horrible form Which might deprive your sovereignty of reason, And draw you into madness?

Improved More Efficient And Affordable Health Care Health Care Essay

The altering life style of society, an ageing population and the high outlooks for a better quality of life call for improved, more efficient and low-cost wellness attention ( 1 ) . Use of nanotechnology in regenerative medical specialty can offer new intervention modes, when applied to major medical challenges ( 2 ) . Regenerative medical specialty is the method of making life and functional tissues to mend or replace tissue or organ map lost due to inborn defects, harm, disease, or age ( 3 ) . This field holds promise for renewing damaged tissues and variety meats in the organic structure by exciting antecedently irreparable variety meats to mend per se ( 4 ) . Regenerative medical specialty besides permits scientists to turn tissues and variety meats in the research lab and to safely engraft them when the organic structure can non mend itself ( 4 ) . Most significantly, regenerative medical specialty has the possible to work out the job of the deficit of variety meats available fo r life-saving organ organ transplant ( 5 ; 6 ) . Regenerative medical specialty has become a multidisciplinary field ( 7 ) . Application of nanotechnology in regenerative medical specialty can radically alter the manner some diseases are treated in the hereafter. In the last few decennaries, nanomedicines have started coming onto the market ( 8 ) . Regenerative medical specialty can be used to reconstruct, keep or heighten tissues and therefore organ maps. Regeneration of tissues can be achieved by the combination of life cells, which will supply biological functionality, and stuffs, which act as scaffolds to back up cell proliferation ( 8 ; 7 ; 9 ) . In vivo mammalian cells respond to the biological signals they receive from the environing environment. These signals are controlled by nanometer-scaled constituents, so it is really of import that the stuff used produces the right signal to steer cell growing and functionality suitably ( 10 ) . The application of nanotechnology to regenerative medical specialty is a broad country ( 1 1 ) . Nanotechnology is an first-class tool for bring forthing scaffolds that mimic the biological constructions. This engineering besides offers efficient drug bringing system. In this survey, we focused on three different applications of regenerative medical specialty. Our first purpose was to develop an anodization technique to bring forth surface modified nanoporous Ti that can be used as possible system for technology a typical biomaterial for bone tissue technology. Our 2nd purpose was to manufacture a halloysite-PCL ( poly--caprolactone ) scaffold and measure its ability to back up cell growing, distinction, and fucntionality. The concluding purpose was to analyze the consequence of different drug loaded halloysite-PCL scaffold as possible bactericide, antiseptic and bactericidal stuff.Nanoparticles and Nanotubes for Regenerative MedicineExtensive libraries of nanoparticles, composed of an mixture of different sizes, forms, and stuffs, and with assorted chemical and surface belongingss, have already been constructed. The field ofA nanotechnologyA is under changeless and rapid growing and new add-ons continue to supplement these libraries. Examples of nanoparticles are buckminsterfullerenes, liquid crystals, liposomes, nanoshells, quantum points and supramegnetic nanoparticles. Carbon nanotubes and halloysite nanotubes are illustration of nanotubes. Liquid Crystals Liquid crystal pharmaceuticals are composed of organic liquid crystal stuffs that mimic naturally-occuring biomolecules like proteins or lipoids. They are considered a really safe method for drug bringing and can aim specific countries of the organic structure where tissues are inflamed, or where tumours are found. Liposomes Liposomes are lipid-basedA liquid crystals, used extensively in the pharmaceutical and decorative industries because of their capacity for interrupting down indoors cells one time their bringing map has been met. Liposomes were the first engineered nanoparticles used for drug bringing but jobs such as their leaning to blend together in aqueous environments and warhead release, have led to replacement, or stabilisation utilizing newer alternate nanoparticles. Nanoshells Besides referred to as core-shells, nanoshells are spherical nucleuss of a peculiar compound surrounded by a shell or outer coating of another, which is a few nanometres in thickness. Quantum points Besides known as nanocrystals, quantum points are nanosized semiconducting materials that, depending on their size, can breathe light in all colourss of the rainbow. These nanostructures confine conductivity set negatrons, valency set holes, or excitons in all three spatial waies. Examples of quantum points are semiconductor nanocrystals and core-shell nanocrystals, where there is an interface between different semiconducting material stuffs. They have been applied in biotechnology for cell labeling and imagination, peculiarly in malignant neoplastic disease imagination surveies. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles Superparamagnetic molecules are those that are attracted to a magnetic field but do non retain residuary magnetic attraction after the field is removed. Nanoparticles of Fe oxide with diameters in the 5-100 nanometer scope, have been used for selective magnetic bioseparations. Typical techniques involve surfacing the atoms with antibodies to cell-specific antigens, for separation from the environing matrix. Used in membrane conveyance surveies, superparamagenetic Fe oxide nanoparticles ( SPION ) are applied for drug bringing and cistron transfection. Targeted bringing of drugs, bioactive molecules or Deoxyribonucleic acid vectors is dependent on the application of an external magnetic force that accelerates and directs their advancement towards the mark tissue. They are besides utile as MRI contrast agents. Dendrimers Dendrimers are extremely branched constructions deriving broad usage in nanomedicine because of the multiple molecular â€Å" maulerss † on their surfaces that can be used to attach cell-identification tickets, fluorescent dyes, enzymes and other molecules. The first dendritic molecules were produced around 1980, but involvement in them has blossomed more late as their biotechnological utilizations were discovered.Carbon nanotubesTypically 1-100 nanometer in length, nanotubes are most frequently made from semiconducting stuffs and used in nanomedicine as imagination and contrast agents. Nanotubes can be made by bring forthing little cylinders of Si, gold or inorganic phosphate, among other stuffs.Carbon nanotubesNanosized tubings of C known as C nanotubes possess optical passages in the near-infrared that can be utilized for tracking cells. The infrared spectrum between 900 and 1,300nm is an of import optical window for biomedical applications because of the lower optical wind ow for biomedical applications because of the lower optical soaking up and little auto-fluorescent background. Like QD, C nanotubes possess good photostabillity and can be imaged over long periods of clip utilizing Raman sprinkling and fluorescence microscopy. However, unlike QD, which are typically composed of heavy metals such as Cd, C nanotubes are made of C, an abundant component in nature. Carbon nanotubes possess big aspect ratios with nanometer diameters and length runing from submicron to millimetres. These tubings can incorporate a individual wall of C ( SWNT ) or multiple walls of C nanotubes ( MWNT ) . The little size of the SWNT makes it possible for 70,000 nanotubes to be ingested where they can stay stable for hebdomads indoors 3T3 fibroblasts and murine myoblast root cells. Having such a high concentration of C nanotubes within a cell distinction, even though. While such nanomaterials have yet to make clinical application, it does demo the possible for non-invasive op tical imagination.Nanomodified SurfacesAn ideal scaffold for tissue regeneration should hold similarity to native excess cellular matrices in footings of both chemical composing and physical nanostructure. Recently, nanostructured biomaterials holding physical nanofeatures such as nanocrystals, nanofibers nanosurfaces, nanocomposites, etc. gained much involvement in regenerative medical specialty. This is chiefly because of their resemblance of physical nanofeatures to natural ECM. There are many different type of scaffold: nanocrystalline bioresorbable bioceramic scaffolds and nanofibrous polymeric scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Fabrication of porous bioceramics based on HA and other Ca phosphates with interrelated pore construction can be done by the reproduction of polymer froth. The advantage of this technique is the control over porousness, pore geometry and pore size of the fancied scaffolds. Electrospinning is a versatile technique to manufacture nanofibrous polymeric mat rices for usage in regenerative medical specialty. The recent developments in electrospun scaffolds with a particular accent on FDA approved biodegradable polymers such as PCL, PLA, PLGA, collagens, etc have been extensively studied. Particular attending has been given to the mechanical belongingss and cell interaction of the electrospun fibre mats. Electrostatic cospinning of polymers with nanohydroxyapatite to manufacture intercrossed nanocomposite scaffolds as possible scaffolds miming the complex nanostructured architecture of bone has been suggested for difficult tissue regeneration. Advanced techniques for the readying of nanofibers, nucleus shell fibres, hollow fibres, and rods and tubings from natural and man-made polymers with diameters down to a few nanometres have late been established. These techniques, among them electro- and coelectrospinning and specific templet methods, let the incorporation non merely of semiconducting material or catalytic nanoparticles or chromophores but besides enzymes, proteins, micro-organism, etc. , straight during the readying procedure into these nanostructures in a really soft manner. One peculiar advantage is that biological objects such as, for case, proteins can be immobilized in a fluid environment within these polymer-based nano-objects in such a manner that they keep their native conformation and the corresponding maps. The scope of applications of such biohybrid nanosystems is highly wide, for case, in the countries of biosensors, contact action, drug bringing, or optoelectronic Nanostructures promote formation of blood vass ; bolster cardiovascular map after bosom onslaught – Injecting nanoparticles into the Black Marias of mice that suffered bosom onslaughts helped reconstruct cardiovascular map in these animate beings. The self-assembling nanoparticles – made from of course happening polyoses and molecules known as peptide amphiphiles – encouragement chemical signals to nearby cells that induce formation of new blood vass and this may be the mechanism through which they restore cardiovascular map. One month subsequently, the Black Marias of the treated mice were capable of undertaking and pumping blood about every bit good as healthy mice. In contrast, the Black Marias of untreated mice contracted about 50 per centum less than normal. In other recent surveies utilizing a similar technique, Stupp and his co-workers found nanoparticles hastened wound mending in coneies and, after islet organ transplant, cured diabetes in mice. Nanoparti cles with other chemical composings accelerate bone fix in rats and advance the growing of nerve cells in mice and rats with spinal cord hurts. The recent progresss in the readying of some nanomaterials, turning consciousness of stuff scientific discipline and tissue technology research workers sing the potency of root cells for regenerative medical specialty, and progresss in root cell biological science have contributed towards the encouragement of this research field in the last few old ages. Nanoparticles have several possible applications such as intracellular drug bearers to command root cell distinction and biosensors to supervise in existent clip the intracellular degrees of relevant biomolecules/enzymes. Cell-based therapies have produced important enthusiasm and survey and are one of the most active countries of research in regenerative medical specialty. The creative activity of multi-functional tools, which allow the improved monitoring and modifying of cell behaviour is one method of speed uping the gait of research. While cell-based a therapy in malignant neoplastic disease is a immense portion of the nanomedicine attempt for regenerative medical specialty. Bettering non-invasive monitoring methods is peculiarly desirable since current methods of measuring cell intervention typically affect destructive or invasive techniques such as tissue biopsies. Traditional non-invasive methods such as magnetic resonance imagination ( MRI ) and positron emanation imaging ( PET ) , which rely to a great extent on contrast agents, lack the specificity or resident clip to be a feasible option for cell trailing. However, in vitro and in vivo visual image of nanoscale systems can be carried out u tilizing a assortment of clinically relevant modes such as fluoresce microscopy, individual photon emanation computed imaging ( SPECT ) , PET, MRI, ultrasound, and radiotracing such as gamma scintigraphy. Nanoparticulate imaging investigations include semi-conductor quantum points ( QD ) , magnetic and magnetofluorescent nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, and nanoshells among others, While there are presently few illustrations of nanotechnologies being applied to the apprehension of of import procedure in tissue regeneration, relevant utilizations of nanoparticles for regenerative medical specialty such as monitoring angiogensis and programmed cell death are looking.Tissue Engineering in Dental and OrthopedicPractice Implications.AIt is predicted that tissue technology will hold a considerableA consequence on dental pattern during the following 25 old ages. The greatestA effects will probably be related to the fix and replacementA of mineralized tissues, the publicity of unwritten l esion healingA and the usage of cistron transportation adjunctively. Tissue technology buildsA on the interface between stuffs scientific discipline and biocompatibility, A and integrates cells, natural or man-made scaffolds, and specificA signals to make new tissues.A This field is progressively beingA viewed as holding tremendous clinical potency. Clinical jobs associating to the loss and/or failure of tissuesA extend beyond dental medicine to all Fieldss of medical specialty, and are estimatedA to account for about one-half of all medical-relatedA jobs in the United States each twelvemonth. Currently, the replacementA of lost or lacking tissues involves prosthetic stuffs, A drug therapies, and tissue and organ organ transplant. However, A all of these have restrictions, including the inability of syntheticA prosthetic devices to replace any but the simplest structural functionsA of a tissue. An utmost deficit of variety meats and tissues for transplantationA exists. Fewer than 10,000 variety meats are available for transplantationA each twelvemonth in the United States, while more than 50,000 patientsA are registered on organ transplant waiting lists.A Such problemsA have motivated the development of tissue technology, whichA can be defined as a â€Å" combination of the rules and methodsA of the life scientific disciplines with those of technology to develop materialsA and methods to mend damaged or morbid tissues, and to createA full tissue replacings. † Many schemes have evolved to engineer new tissues and variety meats, A but virtually all combine a stuff with either bioactive moleculesA that induce weave formation or cells grown in the laboratory.A The bioactive molecules are often growing factor proteinsA that are involved in natural tissue formation and remodeling.A The basic hypothesis underlying this attack is that the localA bringing of an appropriate factor at a correct dosage for a definedA period of clip can take to the enlisting, proliferation andA distinction of a patient ‘s cells from next sites.A These cells can so take part in tissue fix and/or regenerationA at the needed anatomic venue. The 2nd general scheme uses cells grown in the laboratoryA and placed in a matrix at the site where new tissue or organA formation is desired. These transplanted cells normally are derivedA from a little tissue biopsy specimen and have been expanded inA the research lab to let a big organ or tissue mass to be engineered.A Typically, the new tissue will be formed in portion from theseA transplanted cells. With both attacks, specific stuffs deliver the moleculesA or cells to the appropriate anatomic site and supply mechanicalA support to the organizing tissue by moving as a scaffold to guideA new tissue formation.A Currently, most tissue technology effortsA usage biomaterials already approved for medical indicants byA the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA. The most widelyA used man-made stuffs are polymers of lactide and glycolideA , since these are normally used forA biodegradable suturas. Both polymers have a long path recordA for human usage and are considered biocompatible, and their physicalA belongingss ( for illustration, debasement rate, mechanical strength ) A can be readily manipulated. A natural polymer-type 1 collagen-isA frequently used because of its comparative biocompatibility and abilityA to be remodeled by cells. Other polymers familiar to dentistry, including alginate, are besides being used. Bone and gristle coevals by autogenic cell/tissue organ transplant is one of the most promising techniques in orthopaedic surgery and biomedical technology [ 1 ] . Treatment constructs based on those techniques would extinguish jobs of donor site scarceness, immune rejection and pathogen transportation [ 2 ] . Osteoblasts, chondrocytes and mesenchymal root cells obtained from the patient ‘s difficult and soft tissues can be expanded in civilization and seeded onto a scaffold that will slowly degrade and resorb as the tissue structures grow in vitro and/or vivo [ 3 ] . scaffold or 3-dimensional ( 3-D ) concept provides the necessary support for cells to proliferate and keep their di! erentiated map, and its architecture the ultimate form of the new bone and gristle. Several scaffold stuffs have been investigated for tissue technology bone and gristle including hydroxyapatite ( HA ) , poly ( a-hydroxyesters ) , and natural polymers such as collagen and chitin. Several reappraisals have been published on the general belongingss and design characteristics of biodegradable and bioresorbable polymers and scaffolds [ 4,12 ] . In the United States each twelvemonth, over half a million people undergo entire joint replacing ( 14 ) . The mean lifetime of a rehabilitative articulation implant is about 15 old ages. In all likeliness this means that each patient will hold to undergo a 2nd surgery to keep functionality ( 15 ) . There are many drawbacks with replacing surgeries such as inferior recovery compared to the initial surgery, postsurgical complications and hurting ( 16 ) . The most common account for implant failure is improper growing on the implant surface ( 17 ) . Currently V, Co, Cr and smooth Ti are used in dental and orthopaedic implants. Out of all these metals, Ti is most often used due to its tensile strength and corrosion opposition ( 13 ; 18 ; 19 ) . But the job with Ti implants is that it does non mime the natural bone construction. So there are higher opportunities of implant failure ( 20 ) . Natural bone is nanoporous at the surface. So if we modify the surface of Ti such that it becomes na noporus, this may assist in increasing the life span of the implant. So the first aim is to bring forth nanoporus Ti by the procedure of anodization.Nanotechnology for Bioactive Molecule and Drug ReleaseControlled drug bringing is one of the most promising biomedical applications of nanotechnology. The usage of nanomaterials as nanocarriers for bettering bringing methods has shown to be advantageous technically and feasible economically. Controlled release of antibiotics and antiseptic drug from halloysite PCL scaffold can be used for lesion healing. The basic unit of mending in any tissue type ( for illustration bone or tegument ) is the same. The 2nd nonsubjective, of this undertaking is to electrospin PCL-halloysite scaffold, happen the best concentration and the exact location of halloysite in the PCL-halloysite scaffold by Fluorescein isothiocyanateA ( FITC ) labeling of halloysite and look into its biocompatibility. The 3rd aim of this undertaking is to bring forth drug loaded halloysite-PCL scaffold and trial it effectiveness on bacteriums.Undertaking Aim1. To happen out the best parametric quantity of anodization to bring forth nanoporous Ti. Compare osteoblast cell proliferation and distinction on smooth versus nanoporous Ti surfaces. Nanoporous surfaces should take to better cell proliferation and distinction taking to heighten implant lastingness and osteointegration for patients with degenerative articulation jobs, as it is similar to natural bone surface. 2. To electro-spin halloysite-PCL scaffold and happen the best concentration and the exact location of halloysite in the halloysite-PCL scaffold by Fluorescein isothiocyanateA ( FITC ) labeling of the halloysite, compare osteoblast cell proliferation and distinction on PCL and halloysite-PCL scaffolds. 3. To lade halloysite nanotubes with drugs, for illustration antibiotics and antiseptic, mensurate the drug released from the halloysite and document the consequence of the drug released from the halloysite-PCL scaffold on bacteriums.

Management - 643 Words

Definitions[edit] Although there are different definitions of brand positioning, probably the most common is: identifying and attempting to occupy a market niche for a brand, product or service utilizing traditional marketing placement strategies (i.e. price, promotion, distribution, packaging, and competition). Positioning is also defined as the way by which the marketers attempt to create a distinct impression in the customers mind. Positioning is a concept in marketing which was first introduced by Jack Trout ( Industrial Marketing Magazine- June/1969) and then popularized by Al Ries and Jack Trout in their bestseller book Positioning - The Battle for Your Mind. (McGraw-Hill 1981) This differs slightly from the context in†¦show more content†¦Many individuals confuse a core idea concept with a positioning concept. A Core Idea Concept simply describes the product or service. Its purpose is merely to determine whether the idea has any interest to the end buyer. In contrast, a Positioning Concept attempts to sell the benefits of the product or service to a potential buyer. The positioning concepts focus on the rational or emotional benefits that buyer will receive or feel by using the product/service. A successful positioning concept must be developed and qualified before a positioning statement can be created. The positioning concept is shared with the target audience for feedback and optimization; the Positioning Statement (as defined below) is a business persons articulation of the target audience qualified idea that would be used to develop a creative brief for an agency to develop advertising or a communications strategy. Positioning Statement As written in the book Crossing the Chasm (Copyright 1991, by Geoffrey Moore, HarperCollins Publishers), the position statement is a phrase so formulated: For (target customer) who (statement of the need or opportunity), the (product name) is a (product category) that (statement of key benefit – that is, compelling reason to buy). Unlike (primary competitive alternative), our product (statement of primary differentiation). Differentiation in the context of business is what a company can hang its hat on that no other business can.Show MoreRelatedManagement : Management And Management1504 Words   |  7 Pagesassuring an organization to be able to run smoothly is called as Management. Managers are capable to make decisions that will impact an organization in every phase. These decisions vary from employing new staff to taking a company public. Management is not an easy task, and good managers are highly respected. Management is like investment. 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